Gastroenteritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Gastroenteritis, commonly known as stomach flu or food poisoning, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by infections or irritants. It is characterized by sudden onset of diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and sometimes fever. While most cases are self-limiting, severe or persistent gastroenteritis requires medical attention to prevent dehydration and complications.
What Is Gastroenteritis?
Gastroenteritis refers to inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the stomach and intestines. It is most often caused by viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections. Contaminated food, water, or poor hygiene are common sources of infection.
Causes of Gastroenteritis
The main causes include:
Viral infections: Norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus
Bacterial infections: Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella
Parasitic infections: Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica
Food intolerance or medications: Certain foods, antibiotics
Proper diagnosis of the cause is important for effective treatment.
Symptoms of Gastroenteritis
Symptoms may appear suddenly and include:
Diarrhea (may be watery or bloody)
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal cramps and pain
Fever and fatigue
Dehydration signs (dry mouth, dizziness, reduced urine output)
Severe symptoms require urgent medical attention.
Diagnosis of Gastroenteritis
Diagnosis is primarily clinical but may include:
Stool tests to identify bacterial or parasitic infections
Blood tests for severe cases
Evaluation for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
These tests help guide appropriate treatment.
Treatment of Gastroenteritis
Most cases of gastroenteritis resolve on their own. Treatment focuses on:
Hydration: Oral rehydration solutions, IV fluids for severe dehydration
Medications: Anti-diarrheal or anti-nausea medicines in selected cases
Dietary care: Light, easily digestible foods during recovery
Antibiotics: Only if bacterial infection is confirmed
Hospitalization may be necessary for infants, elderly patients, or those with severe dehydration.
Prevention of Gastroenteritis
Preventive measures include:
Practicing proper hand hygiene
Ensuring safe drinking water and food
Avoiding contaminated or undercooked foods
Maintaining clean kitchen and dining habits
Vaccines are available for rotavirus in children.
Personalized Treatment
Every patient is unique. We develop individualized care plans based on your condition, goals, and preferences.
Advanced Diagnostics
Access to cutting-edge imaging, laboratory, and diagnostic tools ensures accurate assessments.
Ongoing Monitoring
We offer follow-up care, education, and guidance to help you maintain your health over time.
Expert Care Under Dr. Ajay Sharma
Dr. Ajay Sharma, Gastrointestinal Surgeon, provides comprehensive care for patients with gastroenteritis. His approach emphasizes accurate diagnosis, supportive treatment, and monitoring to prevent complications.
Patients receive guidance on hydration, diet, and follow-up care to ensure full recovery.
When to See a GI Specialist
Book a Consultation
For professional evaluation and management of gastroenteritis, consult Dr. Ajay Sharma, Gastrointestinal Surgeon, to ensure safe and effective care.
Prompt treatment helps restore digestive health and prevent complications.
